John Bardeen
Bardeen, John 1908-91, American physicist; b. Madison, Wis. He was known for
his
studies of semiconductivity and other aspects of SOLID-STATE PHYSICS. The
first
to win a Nobel Prize twice in the same field, Bardeen shared the 1956
physics
prize with Walter Brattain and William Shockley, for work in
developing the
TRANSISTOR, and the 1972 physics prize with Leon Cooper
and John Schreiffer, for
their theory of SUPERCONDUCTIVITY. Bardeen, John
(1908-1991), American physicist
born in Madison, Wisconsin. Working at Bell
Laboratories in New Jersey, Bardeen
was a member of the team that developed
the transistor. For this work, he shared
the 1956 Nobel Prize in physics with
American physicists William Shockley and
Walter H. Brattain. In 1972 he
shared the Nobel Prize in physics with American
physicists Leon N. Cooper and
John R. Schrieffer for the development of a theory
to explain
superconductivity. He was the first scientist to win two Nobel Prizes
in the
same category.